≤ 1500 km
€250All flights in this distance band.
Paying yourself? Keep receipts and claim reimbursement. Source: Art. 9 EU 261.
On cancellation or a delay of ≥5 hours you choose:
Source: Art. 8 EU 261.
If the airline has sold more tickets than seats, it first asks for volunteers willing to give up their seat (Art. 4 paragraph 1). Only after that may it deny passengers against their will (paragraph 2).
Denied? Then immediately you get:
Source: Art. 4 EU 261.
If the airline places you in a lower class than your ticket, you get within 7 days a percentage of the ticket price back:
| Distance | Refund |
|---|---|
| ≤ 1500 km | 30 % |
| 1500 – 3500 km (incl. intra-EU > 1500 km) | 50 % |
| > 3500 km | 75 % |
Source: Art. 10 EU 261.
The airline is required (Article 14) to inform you in writing about your rights before departure. On cancellation or denied boarding they must even hand the rules to you on paper. Many airlines don't. A missed notice is not separately compensated, but it strengthens your negotiating position. Source: Art. 14 EU 261.
On an arrival delay of 3 hours or more or on cancellation, the in Article 7 may apply. The route, notice, replacement flight, and cause remain conditions. See Bossen C-559/16 on distance measurement:
All flights in this distance band.
Intra-EU flights >1500 km and all other flights 1500–3500 km.
Non-intra-EU flights above 3500 km; this is the base amount.
| Distance | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ≤ 1500 km | €250 | All flights in this distance band. |
| 1500 – 3500 km | €400 | Intra-EU flights >1500 km and all other flights 1500–3500 km. |
| > 3500 km | €600 | Non-intra-EU flights above 3500 km; this is the base amount. |
Note: for some replacement flights the airline may reduce the base amount by 50% under Article 7(2). For a non-intra-EU flight above 3,500 km arriving 3 to less than 4 hours late, €600 may therefore become €300.
Distance means the between the original departure and final destination, not the route through stopovers — Bossen C-559/16.
An extraordinary circumstance is a cause genuinely outside the airline's control. It is not a free pass: the airline must also show that the delay could not have been prevented even with reasonable preparation. Below are common reasons and Court of Justice (CJEU) rulings:
Not an extraordinary circumstance — operational failures are part of normal operations.
IS an extraordinary circumstance — exception to Wallentin-Hermann/van der Lans.
Not an extraordinary circumstance — internal labour unrest is part of normal operations.
Krüsemann and Others v TUIfly (C-195/17 and Others (joined))
Can be an extraordinary circumstance (Recital 14), but the carrier must specifically show that the weather made operation impossible AND that buffer time was scheduled.
Eglītis and Ratnieks v Latvijas Republikas Ekonomikas ministrija / Air Baltic (C-294/10)
| Airline excuse | Doctrine | CJEU ruling |
|---|---|---|
| Technical defect / maintenance failure | Not an extraordinary circumstance — operational failures are part of normal operations. | Wallentin-Hermann v Alitalia (C-549/07) |
| Hidden design defect acknowledged by manufacturer | IS an extraordinary circumstance — exception to Wallentin-Hermann/van der Lans. | Matkustaja A v Finnair (C-385/23) |
| Wildcat strike of own staff | Not an extraordinary circumstance — internal labour unrest is part of normal operations. | Krüsemann and Others v TUIfly (C-195/17 and Others (joined)) |
| Weather conditions | Can be an extraordinary circumstance (Recital 14), but the carrier must specifically show that the weather made operation impossible AND that buffer time was scheduled. | Eglītis and Ratnieks v Latvijas Republikas Ekonomikas ministrija / Air Baltic (C-294/10) |
FDP means the legal duty-time limit for crew; FOD means a foreign object on the airfield or runway. Each ruling links to EUR-Lex. The complete set is on How it works.
Day 0: send a claim letter (this tool, step 1) — right after the flight or as soon as possible. Most airlines reject valid claims first. Step 2 is the norm, not the exception.
An EU 261 claim is a money claim under contract. Under the airline gets a reasonable period to respond — in NL collection practice usually 14 days. Source: BW 6:82. Got a rejection? Paste it into step 2 of this tool; you'll get a rebuttal letter that refutes it with CJEU case law. Stayed completely silent? Then send a firm reminder yourself with a hard payment deadline — a notice of default. It isn't required to be able to litigate (the airline has been in default since the flight date), but it gives them a last chance and strengthens your case.
§ 195 BGB
Court of Cassation 2018 (indicative)
Art. 2224 Code civil
Art. 1964 Código Civil
| Country | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 2 years (sometimes 5) | BW 8:1835 · BW 3:307 |
| Germany | 3 years | § 195 BGB |
| Belgium | 1 year | Court of Cassation 2018 (indicative) |
| France | 5 years | Art. 2224 Code civil |
| Spain | 5 years | Art. 1964 Código Civil |
Periods DE/BE/FR/ES are indicative; for certainty: ask ECC-NL or a local lawyer. BE: specific case number not publicly verifiable — use as a guide only.
A registered letter in which you unambiguously assert your right to payment stops the clock (). BW 3:317 paragraph 1 → "The limitation of a right of action for performance of an obligation is interrupted by a written demand or a written notice in which the creditor unambiguously reserves their right to performance." (BW 3:317). Send by registered mail → proof of dispatch and date.
No — for claims up to €25,000 you may litigate in person. Rv art. 79 paragraph 1 → "Parties may litigate in person in cases before the kantonrechter" (Rv art. 79).
Digitally via Mijn Rechtspraak / "Geld eisen": rechtspraak.nl/Onderwerpen/Geld-eisen (Rechtspraak money claims).
One-time court filing fee — only you as claimant pay. If you win the case, you get the filing fee back. Current rate: Rechtspraak.nl filing fee kanton (Rechtspraak court fees).
Not legal advice. The process is described as it appears on Rechtspraak.nl. Filing with the court? Check all references in your documents yourself — when in doubt, the Juridisch Loket (Legal Aid Desk) is free.
This may suit you if you want to review the letters and can handle the follow-up steps. You send everything in your own name and keep any compensation in full.
This can be practical if you have little time, your case is complicated, or the airline is difficult to collect from. If successful, agencies often keep 25% to 50% of the compensation under their terms. Vluchtclaimhulp receives nothing for a referral and does not recommend an agency.
Choose human legal help if you need an assessment of your own case. That is outside this tool, which only supports the process.
Examples of published fees: AirHelp, EUclaim, and Flightright. Always check an agency's current terms.